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Ambiguity as strategy: The Saudi-Pakistan defence deal causes a stir
Thank you for reading this post, don’t forget to subscribe! On 17 September 2025, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia formalised a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) in Riyadh, under which aspects of defence cooperation between the two countries will be developed to strengthen joint deterrence against any aggression, and that aggression against one party would be deemed as aggression against…
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Türkiye’s Steel Dome: Redefining Air Defence and Strategic Autonomy
Recent decades have witnessed a transformation in the notion of national security, wherein conventional military capabilities are increasingly complemented by high-tech defence systems. The face and cost of modern-day conflicts are particularly redefined by advanced air defence capabilities, including sophisticated aircraft, missiles, long-range artillery, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and radars and interceptors. Conflicts across the…
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Iran’s Strategic Calculus: Between Survival and Influence
Iran’s regional security strategy has long been a subject of debate among scholars of international politics and Middle Eastern affairs. Iran often projects itself through revolutionary slogans and anti-imperial (Western) language, particularly the oft-repeated rhetoric of wiping Israel from the world map. However, a careful examination of its strategic behaviour reveals a far more nuanced…